The disease of white spot in fish, also known as ichthyophthyriasis o I, is one of the most common infections in freshwater aquariums. It is caused by the protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a parasite that attacks the skin and gills of fish, generating characteristic small white spots.
What is white spot on fish?
The white dot is a highly contagious parasitic disease It affects both aquarium and wild fish. Its presence manifests itself with the appearance of tiny white spots on the body, fins, and gills of fish. If not treated promptly, it can be fatal, as the parasite immobilizes the fish and makes it difficult for them to breathe.
Symptoms of white spot disease
Early detection is key to preventing the spread of the parasite and saving the lives of affected fish. Some of the most obvious signs include:
- white dots: Small cysts appear on the body, fins and gills.
- Continuous scratching: Fish rub their bodies against stones, plants, or the bottom of the aquarium due to irritation.
- Erratic or restless swimming: They become more hyperactive or, on the contrary, remain apathetic.
- Accelerated breathing: The parasite affects the gills, making it difficult for the fish to oxygenate.
- Loss of appetiteInfected fish stop eating and weaken rapidly.
Life cycle of the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
This parasite goes through several developmental stages, making its eradication complex. Its life cycle consists of:
- Trophont: The parasite feeds on the fish and creates cysts on its skin.
- Tomonte: The parasite falls to the bottom of the aquarium and forms a protective capsule.
- ReproductionInside the capsule, the tomont divides into hundreds of new parasites.
- Infestation:The new parasites swim freely looking for a new host.
This cycle typically lasts between 4 and 10 days depending on the water temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster it will complete.
Causes of white spot in fish
The parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is present in many aquariums without manifesting itself until the fish are exposed to stressful conditions. Some of the main causes White spot outbreaks include:
- Stress: Sudden changes in temperature, poor water quality, or overcrowding can weaken the fish's immune system.
- Introduction de peces or plants without quarantine: Newly acquired fish may carry the disease without showing symptoms.
- Improper aquarium conditions: An imbalanced pH or the accumulation of ammonia and nitrites can trigger the disease. You can learn more about diseases and bacteria in other fish which could indicate similar problems.
White spot treatment
Medication use
There are effective drugs in the treatment of Ichand malachite green, formalin, and metronidazoleThese should be applied following the manufacturer's instructions and ensuring adequate dosage.
Increase in temperature (Thermotherapy)
Raise the temperature to 30-32 °C for 7-10 days accelerates the parasite's life cycle, making it vulnerable to chemical treatment.
Using aquarium salt
Add non-iodized salt can help eliminate the parasite by altering its osmotic balance. The recommended dose is 1 tablespoon per 20 liters of water. It is also important to note that some species de peces guppy may also be susceptible to similar infections.
It is important to perform frequent water changes, remove deceased fish, and improve water quality to ensure a full aquarium recovery.
How to prevent white spot in fish
Preventing the appearance of ich in your aquarium is the best strategy. Follow these tips:
- Quarantining new fish or plants for at least 14 days.
- Maintain optimal water quality: Regularly check pH, temperature, and ammonia and nitrite levels.
- Ensure a balanced diet and avoid stress in aquarium fish.
- Avoid sudden changes in temperature in the aquarium.
Early detection and consistent, appropriate treatment are essential to ensuring your fish can enjoy a healthy, risk-free environment.
