In the previous article we have referred to the particular way they move and how they group together when they need to hunt. Today we will continue to explore more about the fascinating sailfish, breaking down their main characteristics, habitat, diet, curiosities and their role in sport fishing.
Main characteristics of the sailfish
The Sailfish (whose scientific name is Istiophorus platypterus) is considered one of the most elegant and fastest fish in the ocean. Its most striking feature is its huge dorsal fin sail-shaped, composed of 37 to 49 elements. It also has a second, smaller dorsal fin and an elongated, pointed upper jaw that makes it look like a swordfish.
This fish can reach a size up to three meters long and weigh more than 100 kilograms, with the Pacific sailfish often exceeding 90 kilograms. Its body is hydrodynamic, allowing it to reach speeds of up to 109 kilometers per hour, positioning it as one of the fastest fish in the sea.
Another interesting fact is their little-known way of life. Sailfish often move in groups, especially when hunting, taking advantage of their agility and speed to surround and catch their prey. Their life expectancy is surprisingly short, reaching just 100 years. 4 years on average, which is noticeably small compared to other species of similar size.
Habitat and distribution
The sailfish is a widely distributed species that inhabits tropical and subtropical seas from all over the world, including the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. It prefers warm waters with temperatures ranging from 21 to 30 degrees Celsius, although it shows a remarkable ability to adapt to different climatic conditions.
It is usually found in both the coastal areas as well as in ocean waters, frequenting the upper layers near the surface, although its presence has been recorded down to 350 metres. During the warmer months, it migrates to higher latitudes in search of food and optimal conditions.
Meals
The sailfish is a carnivorous predator whose menu mainly includes small fish, such as sardines and anchovies, as well as squid and other cephalopods. It uses its elongated upper jaw as a "harpoon" to stun its prey, making it easier to catch. This technique, combined with its speed and agility, makes it a very efficient hunter.
In some regions, such as the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, it is observed chasing banks de peces, often guiding them into areas where escape access is limited.
Curiosities about sailfish
One of the most intriguing features of the sailfish is the purpose of its large dorsal fin. Although its exact function is not known, scientists have put forward several theories. It could serve to maintain stability and perform quick maneuvers, regulate their body temperature when exposed to the sun, or even to appear larger and deter potential predators.
It is often confused with species such as marlin or swordfish, with which it shares some physical similarities, but it belongs to the Istiophoridae family, distinct from that of the swordfish (Xiphiidae).
Sailfish in sport fishing
The sailfish is a sport fishing icon thanks to their strength, speed and ability to perform spectacular jumps out of the water, which is a great challenge for fishermen. They use techniques such as trolling with live or artificial bait, such as feathers or spoons, to attract their attention.
Although its meat is not particularly appreciated in the culinary field, its capture represents a valuable trophy. However, due to the growing concern for the conservation of this species, many catches in sport fishing are carried out under the "catch and release" method.
Sailfish continue to amaze scientists and hobbyists alike. Their impressive speed, combined with their unique anatomy and hunting skills, position them as a true marine spectacle worthy of admiration.