Fish Gourami Samurai, scientifically known as Sphaerichthys vaillanti, are fascinating inhabitants of the aquatic world originating from Southeast Asia, particularly the island of Borneo in Indonesia. Their natural habitat is in dark waters, such as peat swamps and blackwater streams, where abundant vegetation and decomposing organic matter dye the water a dark brown color. These waters are notoriously acidic and soft, characteristics that must also be replicated in their maintenance in aquariums to ensure their well-being.
Physical characteristics and sexual dimorphism
The Gourami Samurai They have a laterally compressed body structure, with a maximum length of between 4,5 and 6 centimeters. Their pointed mouth and delicate fins are distinctive of the species. They have a labyrinthine organ which allows them to breathe oxygen from the atmospheric air, which distinguishes them from many other fish.
One of the most interesting characteristics of this species is its very marked sexual dimorphism. Females are particularly striking, with vibrant reddish colouring and blue or dark stripes that enhance their beauty, especially during breeding season. In contrast, males are usually a dull brown, with a slightly rounded lower jaw due to their role as mouth incubators during playback.
Natural habitat and aquarium requirements
Originating from the Kapuas River basin in Borneo, the Gourami Samurai They inhabit aquatic environments where the pH can reach extremely low levels, between 3.0 and 6.5, and the temperature ranges between 22 and 30°C. This type of habitat must be replicated in the aquarium to ensure that the fish feel comfortable and prosper.
To keep these fish in captivity, a tank of at least 100 cm is essential. 60 liters with a base of 60x30 cm. The water should be soft and acidic, and it is highly recommended to use filters with peat to keep the pH under control. The lighting should be dim, and the aquarium should contain plenty of floating vegetation, roots and logs to provide places of refuge and emulate its natural habitat. dark substrate It can help reduce stress in fish and bring out their colors.
Avoid the strong currents in the aquarium, as these fish prefer slow-flowing water. In addition, water changes should be carried out carefully; ideally, small changes should be carried out frequently (10 to 15%) to avoid fluctuations in water parameters.
Behavior and compatibility
These fish stand out for their peaceful and shy nature. Although they are not strictly gregarious, they interact positively with other individuals of their species, so it is advisable to keep them in groups of at least 4 or 6 specimens. However, they also develop hierarchies within the group, with dominant individuals leading the food and defending their favorite territories.
When choosing tank mates, it is important to opt for small, calm species, such as kissing fish, rasboras or similar cyprinids. Avoid big fish or fast swimmers that can intimidate the Samurai Gourami, as this can cause them Stress and affect their health.
Meals
The Gourami Samurai They are omnivores with a diet inclined towards protein sources. In their natural habitat, they behave as small predators, feeding on crustaceans, worms, insect larvae and zooplankton. In the aquarium, they can be demanding at first, refusing dry foods. It is advisable to offer them live or frozen foods such as Artemia, daphnia, grindal and mosquito larvae. A varied and nutrient-rich diet not only improves your health, but also intensifies its colors.
Reproduction
The reproduction of Gourami Samurai It is a fascinating but challenging process. They are parental mouth incubators, which means that the male carries the eggs in his mouth until the young are ready to swim freely. During courtship, the female usually initiates the process by displaying even more intense colors, while the male assumes a protective role.
The incubation process can last between 7 and 20 days, during which the male barely feeds. It is essential to provide a quiet, bird-free environment. Stress to ensure successful reproduction.
Conservation and threats
It is important to mention that in their natural environment, Gourami Samurai They face threats from deforestation, illegal mining, intensive agriculture and the introduction of invasive species, which has significantly reduced their habitats. The IUCN estimates that some populations may already be extinct. This increases the importance of maintaining responsible practices in their breeding and maintenance in aquariums.
Because of their beauty, complexity and interesting behavior, the Gourami Samurai They are an excellent addition for experienced aquarists who are willing to put in the time and effort to replicate their demanding living conditions. These fish not only beautify the aquarium, but also offer a glimpse into the fascinating world of Borneo's riverine ecosystems.