The fish known as the plecostomus (Hypostomus plecostomus) is a peculiar species within the Loricaridae family . Its unique appearance is due to the bony plates covering its body, giving it an armored look. It is also known by other names such as black plecos , tail plecos , algae eater , and bottom feeder . Its role in the aquatic ecosystem and in aquariums is key, as it helps control algae growth on glass and other surfaces.
Physical characteristics
The water lizard's coloration varies between different shades of brown and black, allowing it to camouflage itself in its natural environment. Its body is covered with large bony plates that provide additional protection against predators.
Among its most outstanding features are:
- Dorsal fin: very pronounced and with spiny rays.
- Glue: of considerable size, which helps it move around.
- Ventral fin: larger than the anal fin, used to adhere to surfaces.
- Suction cup shaped mouth: ideal for scraping algae and adhering to rock surfaces and glass.
Habitat and behavior
This fish is native to rivers and streams in Latin America, found in countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, and Venezuela . It is a bottom-dwelling species , meaning it spends most of its time in the lower part of the watercourse.
The old woman fish is primarily nocturnal ; during the day, it remains motionless or sheltered among rocks and logs, emerging at night to feed. It exhibits territorial behavior , especially towards other bottom-dwelling fish, displaying aggression if it feels threatened.
Diet and feeding
This fish is omnivorous . In its natural habitat, it feeds on:
- Aquatic microorganisms
- Small fish like mojarras and catfish
- Shads and boguitas
- Organic sludge, from which it obtains nutrients
- Algae and plant remains
In aquariums, their diet can be supplemented with bottom feeders , spirulina flakes and vegetables such as zucchini or spinach.
Importance in aquariums
In the world of aquariums, the water damselfish is highly valued for its algae-cleaning function , as it helps keep glass and decorations free of excessive algae growth. However, it is essential to have a sufficiently large aquarium, as it can reach between 15 and 40 cm in length , and even up to 70 cm in its natural habitat.
Reproduction
The reproduction of the vieja de agua is quite peculiar. The male carries the fertilized eggs in a cavity under his lower jaw until the fry emerge. During this process, the fish is extremely protective , even exhibiting aggressive behavior if it perceives threats.
Breeding this species in aquariums can be complicated, as it requires specific conditions such as warm water and a protein-rich diet.
Aquarium care
If you want to keep a water damselfly in your aquarium, you must make sure to provide it with a suitable environment:
- Large aquarium: minimum 100 liters for young specimens.
- Water temperature: between 24 and 30 ºC.
- pH: between 6.5 and 7.5.
- Decoration with logs and rocks:where he can hide.
- efficient filtration: to keep the water in optimal conditions.
This fish is an excellent choice for maintaining a balanced aquatic ecosystem. However, it's important to consider its size before introducing it to an aquarium, as it needs space and specific care to thrive.