The giant freshwater shrimp, also known as Macrobrachium rosenbergii o African shrimp, is one of the most impressive and fascinating invertebrates we can keep in aquariums. Its large size, distinctive behavior, and fundamental role in the ecological balance of freshwater environments make it a highly valued choice for both beginner and advanced aquarists. Below, you'll discover everything you need to know about, care for, and enjoy this extraordinary species in your home aquarium.
Physical characteristics and biology of the giant freshwater shrimp
El giant freshwater shrimp It belongs to the order of decapods, within the family Palaemonidae. It is mainly characterized by its remarkable size Compared to other aquarium shrimp, they can reach sizes exceeding 15 cm in adult specimens, although there are reports of sister species that can exceed 20 cm and even 35 cm, especially in natural habitats in South America.
Su coloration may vary between shades of green, blue and brown, and some varieties have stripes or spots that facilitate camouflage among the vegetation and stones of the river bottom. Particularly noteworthy are their front calipers, much more developed in males, which can also exhibit bluish metallic colors.
- It has a cylindrical body, slightly curved downwards, typical of decapods.
- It has long appendages or "dusters" on the front legs that perform filter and defense functions.
- Its exoskeleton is periodically renewed through moulting, a critical stage for its growth.
Origin, natural distribution and habitat
El Macrobrachium rosenbergii It is mainly native to tropical and subtropical zones of Africa and South America, although its distribution has expanded greatly due to its value in aquaculture and as an ornamental species. It is found in rivers, lakes, estuaries and fresh and brackish water areas, where the water temperature is warm and vegetation is abundant. They can also inhabit relatively slow-moving or stagnant waters, as well as moderate currents where there is sufficient oxygenation and abundant natural shelters.
In Latin American countries, they are commonly caught and raised for human consumption, and although their primary use is usually gastronomic, they are increasingly easy to find in aquarium stores, especially in Europe and Asia.
Behavior and compatibility in the aquarium
One of the most appreciated features of this invertebrate is its peaceful and reserved behaviorIt is highly recommended for community aquariums, although it is important to keep in mind certain considerations to avoid conflicts:
- Should not be kept with aggressive fish nor with scavenger invertebrate species with claws, as they could attack or harm the giant shrimp.
- It is also not advisable to mix it with fish of a much smaller size., nor with other large territorial shrimp, to avoid fights or predatory behavior.
- Despite their large size, Macrobrachium rosenbergii specimens tend to be quiet and spend much of their time hidden in shelters, among roots or aquarium decorations.
- On specific occasions they can move elements of the aquarium or damage plants during their movements, but they do not usually feed on them directly.
Coexisting with other shrimp is possible if they are provided with sufficient space and individual shelters. However, it should be noted that males, especially, can develop a certain territoriality and aggression if they do not have sufficient water volume and designated spaces for each individual.
Ecological functions and benefits in the aquarium
El giant freshwater shrimp offers multiple advantages in community aquariums:
- Naturally controls algae and snail pests, helping to maintain ecological balance without the need for chemicals.
- Act like cleaner, feeding on organic remains, dead leaves and detritus, contributing to the cleaning of the substrate and improving water quality.
- It participates in the aquarium food chain, serving as an opportunistic predator of small organisms and as potential prey for larger species.
- Promotes biodiversity in planted tanks by creating microhabitats and defined territorial spaces.
Maintenance needs and aquarium parameters
to keep a giant freshwater shrimp In optimal conditions, it is important to pay attention to the following aspects of the aquarium:
- Aquarium volumeFor an adult specimen, an aquarium of at least 100 liters is recommended, although if several individuals are kept or combined with other large species, a larger volume (200 liters or more) is recommended. Larger specimens may require tanks of up to 500-1000 liters.
- Temperature: The ideal range is between 24 and 27°C, although they tolerate temperatures from 20 to 28°C without major problems.
- pH and hardness: They prefer slightly alkaline waters, with a pH of 7,0 to 8,5, and medium to high hardness (GH 8-15ºd).
- Filtration and oxygenationEfficient filtration is essential to maintain low levels of nitrogen compounds. However, the flow rate should not be excessive, as this invertebrate prefers slow- to moderate-flowing waters.
- Lighting and decoration: It should include densely planted areas, roots, rocks, and caves so that the shrimp can hide and mark their territories.
- hiding places: It is very important to provide plenty of shelter, as they are especially vulnerable during molting and prefer to hide to avoid attacks from other aquarium inhabitants.
Feeding of the giant freshwater shrimp
El Macrobrachium rosenbergii It is an omnivorous animal with opportunistic tendencies.
- In nature it feeds mainly on aquatic microorganisms, detritus, small crustaceans and remains of plant matter.
- In captivity, they can accept a wide variety of foods: from commercial invertebrate preparations, bottom pellets, flakes, and fish film, to frozen foods such as brine shrimp, red bloodworms, or chunks of fish and meat.
- The diet should be varied and it is recommended to supplement weekly with animal protein to cover their nutritional needs.
- In aquariums with few natural microorganisms, it is necessary to supplement the diet with products rich in calcium and other essential minerals for the proper development of the exoskeleton.
It is important not to overfeed, to avoid excessive waste accumulation and prevent bacterial or fungal diseases.
Breeding giant freshwater shrimp in captivity
Giant shrimp breeding is possible in aquariums, although it has certain peculiarities:
- During the reproductive period, there are skirmishes between males and females where males may lose appendages or limbs in territorial fights.
- The females incubate the eggs in their pleopods for several weeks. The number of eggs can reach several hundred.
- After hatching, larvae typically require different environmental conditions, depending on the species: Some require spending larval stages in waters with a certain degree of salinity, while others present direct development and can grow in fresh water from the beginning.
- Once the larvae become mobile, they take refuge among vegetation and the seabed, where they are vulnerable to cannibalism even by adults.
To maximize the chances of success and avoid predation of the fry, it is advisable to separate the adults from the egg-laying females or use auxiliary aquariums for breeding.
Tips for living together and practical recommendations
- Do not mix many dominant specimens (especially males) in the same tank if it is not large enough., as this could lead to aggression or mutilation.
- Avoid coexistence with very small fish, fry or very shy species, as giant shrimp may take advantage of opportunities to hunt them, especially if the food supply is insufficient.
- Always offers abundant shaded areas and hiding places (logs, ceramic tubes, rocks and dense plants) so that each shrimp can mark and defend its territory without stress.
- Check after each molt, since during this period their exoskeleton is soft and they are easily attacked by other inhabitants of the aquarium.
- Maintain a consistent aquarium maintenance routine, checking water parameters and performing regular partial changes to ensure a healthy environment.
- A varied and balanced diet ensures optimal growth and prevents diseases related to nutritional deficiencies.
El giant freshwater shrimp It is a stunning and useful addition to any aquarium with the right space and conditions. Its size, cleaning habits, and behavior make it a staple in both home aquariums and international aquaculture facilities. Maintaining this species presents an exciting and educational challenge, allowing hobbyists to closely study the social dynamics and biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. With proper care, these invertebrates offer years of beauty and natural balance in your aquarium, making them a versatile and striking choice for those who value the diversity and elegance of aquatic fauna.