The samaruc is a small fish that lives in the calm waters of the Mediterranean and represents a symbol of Valencian ecosystems. Its delicate situation has mobilized scientists and organizations to seek its protection and recovery.
Although it is not as showy as other aquatic animals, The samaruc plays a crucial role in lagoon and marsh systems.. Currently, its presence is restricted to a few enclaves in Valencia and Catalonia due to The loss of water quality, the destruction of its habitat and the invasion of exotic species such as the gambusia, which compete for resources and displaced the species since the beginning of the 20th century.
The Oceanogrà fic Foundation leads projects alongside the government to protect and recover the samaruc. Among its main initiatives is the captive breeding of specimens in special aquariums that simulate the conditions of Mediterranean wetlands, allowing them to thrive in a safe environment.
Characteristics and threats of the Samaruc
The samaruc is a carnivorous fish that feeds on invertebrates, crustaceans, larvae and insects that fall into the water.. It presents an evident sexual dimorphism: The females are larger and have small dark spots.Its distinctive physical features include 20 to 30 scales along its body and a protrusible mouth with unicuspid teeth. Furthermore, its dorsal and anal fins are at the same height, a characteristic unique to the species.
The conservation of the samaruc not only faces competition with other species, but also suffers from habitat degradation, water pollution and loss of genetic identity. Its survival depends mainly on small natural sources called ullals, present in Valencia and Catalonia, which increases their vulnerability.
The conservation cycle: from the laboratory to the ullal
To ensure the survival of the samaruc, Specialists collect specimens in controlled environments, such as those at the Oceanogrà fic or the UllalsThese fish are transferred to laboratories where ideal breeding conditions are recreated, ensuring an environment similar to Mediterranean wetlands. The fry are raised in aquariums with high-quality water and controlled nutrients during their early stages.
Once they reach an appropriate size and have sufficient autonomy, They are released in areas with optimal water qualityPlaces like Ullal de la Senillera and Llacuna del Samaruc, in the Albufera Natural Park, have become key sites for their reintroduction, allowing them to live in their natural environment and reducing pressure on other habitats.
This process contributes to strengthen existing populations and expand genetic diversity, fundamental aspects to guarantee the future of the species. Subsequent monitoring is essential to assess its adaptation and evolution in the wild, adjusting conservation strategies as necessary.
The importance of education and social involvement
The recovery of the samaruc is not only the result of scientific efforts, but The involvement of society, especially of young people, is essential for their protectionPrograms such as wildlife releases involve high school students, who receive training on biodiversity and a commemorative diploma. This approach helps create an emotional connection with local wildlife and foster respect for nature.
The goal is for new generations to act as ambassadors for conservation, conveying the need to protect natural resources and preventing the disappearance of such emblematic species as the samaruc.
The joint efforts of institutions, scientists, and the community continue to provide hope that the samaruc will continue to swim in Mediterranean waters in the coming years.
