The samaruc is a small fish that lives in the calm waters of the Mediterranean and is a symbol of Valencian ecosystems. Its precarious situation has mobilized scientists and organizations to seek its protection and recovery.
Although not as showy as other aquatic animals, the samaruc plays a crucial role in lagoon and marsh ecosystems . Currently, its presence is restricted to a few enclaves in Valencia and Catalonia due to water quality decline, habitat destruction, and the invasion of exotic species such as the mosquitofish (Gambusia gambusia) , which compete for resources and have displaced the samaruc since the beginning of the 20th century.
The Oceanogrà fic Foundation is leading projects in collaboration with the government to protect and recover the samaruc. Among its main initiatives is the captive breeding of specimens in special aquariums that simulate the conditions of Mediterranean wetlands, allowing them to thrive in a safe environment.
Characteristics and threats of the Samaruc
The samaruc is a carnivorous fish that feeds on invertebrates, crustaceans, larvae, and insects that fall into the water . It exhibits marked sexual dimorphism: females are larger and have small dark spots . Its distinctive physical features include 20 to 30 scales along its body and a protrusible mouth with single-toothed teeth. Additionally, its dorsal and anal fins are at the same level, a unique characteristic of the species.
The conservation of the samaruc not only faces competition from other species, but also suffers from habitat degradation, water pollution, and loss of genetic identity . Its survival depends primarily on small natural springs called ullals , found in Valencia and Catalonia, which increases its vulnerability.
The conservation cycle: from the laboratory to the ullal
To ensure the survival of the samaruc, specialists collect specimens in controlled environments, such as those at the Oceanogrà fic or the ullals ( natural springs ). These fish are then transferred to laboratories where ideal breeding conditions are recreated, ensuring an environment similar to Mediterranean wetlands. The fry develop in aquariums with high-quality water and controlled nutrient levels during their early stages.
Once they reach a suitable size and are sufficiently independent, they are released in areas with optimal water quality . Places like the Ullal de la Senillera or the Llacuna del Samaruc, in the Albufera Natural Park, have become key points for their reintroduction, allowing them to live in their natural environment and reducing pressure on other habitats.
This process helps strengthen existing populations and expand genetic diversity , fundamental aspects for ensuring the species' future. Subsequent monitoring is essential to assess their adaptation and evolution in the wild, adjusting conservation strategies as needed.
The importance of education and social involvement
The recovery of the samaruc depends not only on scientific efforts, but also on the involvement of the community, especially young people, which is fundamental to its protection . Programs such as releasing specimens engage high school students, who receive training on biodiversity and a commemorative certificate. This approach helps create an emotional connection with local wildlife and fosters respect for nature.
The goal is for new generations to act as ambassadors for conservation, conveying the need to protect natural resources and preventing the disappearance of such emblematic species as the samaruc.
The joint efforts of institutions, scientists, and the community continue to provide hope that the samaruc will continue to swim in Mediterranean waters in the coming years.
