Sargassum has become one of the most visible environmental challenges for the coasts of several countries in the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America.The massive arrival of these seaweeds has radically changed the image of idyllic beaches, affecting both the natural environment and the local economy and tourism, key sectors in countries like the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Guatemala.
The accumulation of this macroalgae, whose origin is associated with global climatic and ecological factors, has generated varied responses that combine cleanliness, innovation, and the search for new commercial uses. Although the presence of sargassum is a natural process, the current volume and frequency with which it washes up on the region's beaches represents an extraordinary challenge, altering coastal ecosystems, generating harmful gases, and threatening tourism.
The impact of sargassum in the Caribbean: challenges for the region
La accumulation of sargassum It has been especially noticeable on emblematic beaches of the Mexican Caribbean, such as Cancun and Tulum, in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and more recently in Guatemala. Multiple studies attribute this phenomenon to rising sea temperatures and changes in ocean currents. and the contribution of nutrients from large rivers such as the Amazon or the Congo. Sahara dust and factors related to agricultural activity also contribute to the proliferation of these algae..
On the beaches of Izabal, Guatemala, and coastal areas of the Dominican Republic and Mexico, The accumulation of sargassum has already forced the implementation of cleaning and monitoring strategies.Local authorities, in coordination with non-governmental organizations and the private sector, have launched teams for manual and mechanical removal, control plans, and information campaigns for the public.
According to data from the University of South Florida, for this year there are up to 37,5 million tons of sargassum floating in the Atlantic, a figure that is expected to even increase during the peak season. This record volume increases the pressure on beaches and marine ecosystems., and complicates waste management and biodiversity protection.
El Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Guatemala, for example, has identified the arrival of sargassum in places like Playa CocolÃ, Quehueche, Siete Altares, and Punta de Palma. There, contacts have been made with local communities to provide information on safe handling protocols for the seaweed, given that handling it unprotected can pose health risks due to gas emissions and insect proliferation.
Public and private sector response to sargassum proliferation
In Mexico, Tulum City Hall The Ministry of the Interior has decided to strengthen beach cleanups by hiring up to 40 additional workers, joining forces with personnel from the Navy and the private sector to address the peak season of sargassum arrivals. In just one summer month, more than 1.000 tons were removed, representing an investment of up to 30 million Mexican pesos.
The phenomenon has also led to the RCD Hotels hotel chain to install floating barriers and both manual and mechanical cleaning systems in front of their properties, especially in Cancun and the Riviera Maya. These measures seek to contain algae on the high seas and maintain the tourist experience., offering safe alternative spaces, such as swimming pools and water parks, while continuing to combat the spread of sargassum.
The impact on tourism is evident. Many travelers are choosing other destinations while the massive presence of the algae persists., affecting the local economy and generating concern among business owners and tourism promotion agencies.
Sargassum as an opportunity: recycling projects and the circular economy
In the face of this threat, sargassum has also generated entrepreneurial initiatives. Companies like SOS Biotech, co-founded by Spaniard Elena MartÃnez in the Dominican Republic, have decided to transform the problem into a source of opportunity.The company develops techniques for collecting and processing sargassum, turning it into a useful raw material for various sectors.
At present, SOS Biotech markets three agricultural products made from sargassum.: a biostimulant, an extract for agricultural applications, and a soil substrate. The company is also in the process of certifying a product for the cosmetics sector and continues to research biomaterials.
The process uses a closed system that allows the extraction of bioactive compounds from sargassum without generating waste, working in collaboration with local fishermen and organizations in countries such as the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Antigua and Barbuda, and Puerto Rico. In this way, a circular economy is promoted and the affected communities benefit..
Organizations like SOS Coal They also stand out for their work in direct offshore harvesting, managing to remove up to 70 tons daily and seeking alternatives such as the generation of bioenergy or agricultural products.
These projects highlight the importance of seeing sargassum not only as a waste, but as a valuable raw material for innovation, employment and sustainabilityThe participation of young professionals, international collaboration, and the support of foundations such as that of Prince Albert II of Monaco are strengthening the search for technological and market solutions to a global problem.
The move toward more sustainable sargassum management models demonstrates that, with cooperation, innovation, and a focus on the circular economy, it is possible to reduce the negative effects and take advantage of the opportunities presented by this growing problem.