A recent discovery has revealed ingenuity and social life of the southern resident killer whales, a population that inhabits the Salish Sea between Canada and the U.S. Through numerous drone films, scientists have documented how these cetaceans break and modify kelp stems to make tools with which they scratch and massage each other. This phenomenon, known as allokelping, has sparked international interest for its originality and the depth of these animals' social bonds.
Until now it was known that orcas and other whales play with algae or rub it on their skin, probably as a method to get rid of parasites and take care of the dermisHowever, the documented behavior goes beyond simple play: killer whales intentionally select, break, and adapt specific pieces of brown seaweed, which, thanks to their hose-like texture and slippery surface, are ideal for rubbing against the skin without damaging it.
Experts have pointed out that males and females of all ages have been recorded practicing allokelping, showing a clear preference for interact with close relatives and similarly aged individuals. On several occasions, the orcas twist and turn their bodies, holding the kelp between them for minutes to prolong the contact, suggesting that this is a social and mutual care activity.
Properties of algae and possible health function
Brown algae possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties known, which may help orcas maintain healthy skin, facilitate the exfoliation of dead skin cells, and reduce discomfort caused by parasites. In addition to strengthening bonds within the pod, scientists suggest that this behavior could have a hygienic and therapeutic purpose.
This type of grooming has been documented for at least eight days in the recent study period, and all indications are that it is deeply rooted in the culture of this population. According to researchers, this is a unique tradition that, if the southern resident population were to be lost, it would disappear forever along with it.
An animal culture in serious danger
The Southern Salish Sea Resident Orca Pod is listed as critically endangeredIn the last census of July 2024, only 73 copies, a figure that worries experts and conservationists. Not only is their genetic diversity at stake, but also their ways of life and social relationships.
The main threats these orcas face include Chinook salmon shortage, their main food source, affected by overfishing and the destruction of river habitats, as well as the underwater noise and industrial pollutants that accumulate in the marine environment. Scientists also warn that the decline of kelp forests, essential for social grooming, is an added risk. global warming and rising water temperatures.
The discovery of this practice offers a new insight into the complex social behavior of orcas and paves the way for further research on learning and skill transmission in other marine species. Experts emphasize the need to protect both orcas and the habitats and species they depend on, so that these traditions and ways of life are not lost in the ocean.
Observation with modern technologies, such as the use of drones, is allowing reveal previously unknown aspects of the social life of cetaceans that until a few years ago were impossible to study. The survival of this animal culture depends on urgent action to safeguard its fragile ecosystem and its primary food source.
Whale behavior demonstrates that natural behaviors are complex and can be vital for the health and social bonds of these animals. The transmission of traditions like allokelping highlights the importance of conservation efforts. Ensuring a healthy environment and abundant food sources is crucial for maintaining these social practices and preventing irreversible loss of this unique cultural knowledge.
