The island of Rapa Nui has set off alarm bells: two of its most emblematic crustaceans, the Rapa Nui lobster (Ura) and the flat-topped lobster (Rarape), are under extractive pressure that has exceeded sustainable levels. The diagnosis comes from the first systematic fisheries biological monitoring conducted in the area, a milestone that highlights the management of a key resource for local culture and food.
The work, carried out by the Rapa Nui Sea Council (Koro Nui o Te Vaikava) and the Quintay Marine Research Center (CIMARQ) of the Andrés Bello University, gathered for the first time real biological-fisheries data on artisanal landings with active community participation. The stated objective: establish a solid baseline to closely monitor the evolution of these island fisheries.
A field diagnosis with a community seal
The initiative was distinguished by its field methodology and an unprecedented collaboration with the people of the sea: scientific observers trained on the island itself participated in data collection, strengthening the trust and quality of the information collected.
The most active coves, Hanga Roa and Hanga Piko, were key points for recording catches and processing samples. Artisanal fishermen opened their operations to analysis and shared traditional knowledge, a gesture that allowed for the integration of science and everyday practice.
Which species are at risk and why it matters
The protagonists of the report are the Ura (Panulirus pascuensis) y the Rarape (Parribacus perlatus), two emblematic species of the local ecosystem and of great value in Rapa Nui cuisine. Its relevance transcends the economic: are part of the island's biocultural heritage.
The monitoring confirmed the state of overexploitation in both species, which generates a urgent alarm which requires adjusting management to prevent extraction from compromising its natural renewal or the balance of the island's marine environment.
What data was collected and what it shows
The technical team collected essential information to assess the populations: sizes, weights, seasonality of captures and reproductive states de peces and crustaceans, with homogeneous protocols applied directly to landing.
With that evidence, specialists were able to classify the two lobsters as overexploited resources and establish a robust baseline to detect future trends, seasonal variations, and early signs of recovery or deterioration.
Management measures under discussion
The results are already on the table of the authorities and local governance. In coordination with the Council of the Sea and Undersecretariat of Fisheries and Aquaculture, work is being done to adjust the regulations for the extraction of Ura and to develop specific rules for Rarape, with a focus on long term sustainability.
The decisions aim to protect the island's natural capital and its food security, balancing use with conservation so that craft activity can be maintained over time without putting the population at risk.
Financing and long-term projection
Despite the international recognition of Rapa Nui as Marine Protected Area, monitoring lacks permanent state fundingThe project, in addition to assessing the current status, lays out technical and budgetary foundations to ensure continuity with community participation.
The bet is to go from one “still photo” to a time series that allows us to understand cycles, anticipate changes, and activate management alerts before it's too late, incorporating local indicators and scientific protocols.
Voices from the island
The research team emphasizes that evaluating in the field, in a systematic manner and with the community involved, marks a before and after in the way these fisheries are managed. The training of local observers and the openness of the fishermen were key to the quality of the study.
Key points of the process
- Technical confirmation of overexploitation in Ura and Rarape after the first systematic monitoring.
- Direct participation of local fishermen and scientific observers in data collection.
- Critical data raised in landings: sizes, weights, seasonality and reproductive states.
- Management measures in preparation together with Subpesca, with a focus on sustainability and cultural protection.
- Lack of permanent funds to maintain surveillance, despite the protected area status.
Protecting the Ura and Rarape lobsters depends on swift decision-making and ongoing monitoring. Local science, fishing experience and well-tuned regulations will be key to restoring balance and ensuring that these resources remain present in the life of Rapa Nui.