Under the waters of the Mediterranean Hidden within them are vast submerged forests that, despite going unnoticed by many, serve a vital function for both the marine ecosystem and coastal inhabitants, and indeed the entire planet. Posidonia oceanica meadows are true lungs of the sea, capable of capturing large amounts of COâ‚‚ and releasing a considerable amount of oxygen, thus placing themselves at the heart of the fight against climate change.
In recent years, scientists and environmental groups They have warned of the accelerated degradation of these meadows, especially in the region of Andalusia, where the most recent studies reveal a worrying state in locations such as Malaga and the Granada coast. Various studies, such as the "Submerged Forests" report promoted by the Mediterranean Sea Classroom Foundation (FAMM) and the Circular Seas project, have warned of a critical situation: in some areas, the conservation status of posidonia is already critical, with a progressive replacement by invasive species and the combined effect of rising temperatures and human activities.
The impact of climate change and direct threats
La posidonia oceanic It stands out for its extraordinary efficiency: each hectare can absorb hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide, even exceeding the capture capacity of many terrestrial forests. In addition, each square meter can provide up to 10 liters of oxygen daily, providing life to both marine fauna and those who depend on coastal environmental quality.
In the last 50 years, more than 30% has been lost of the area occupied by these meadows in the western Mediterranean. The main culprits are The arrival of the Asian seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae, which is expanding rapidly after crossing the Strait of Gibraltar, the increase in water temperature linked to global warming and disruptions to activities such as trawling, ship anchoring and sand extraction. These factors combined They cause the posidonia to become suffocated, as it loses light and nutrients to competitors.
Currently, regions such as Malaga and part of Granada They face a high risk of extinction, while areas such as Cabo de Gata maintain healthier populations, although they are not exempt from threats.
Conservation initiatives and new techniques
Faced with this scenario, the response of scientists, organizations, and companies has been to diversify restoration and protection strategies. Among the most notable actions is the Experimental reforestation on the coasts of Andalusia, which uses the cultivation of posidonia cuttings in nurseries and their subsequent transplantation to the seabed by volunteer divers. In spaces like La Noria, in Malaga, the Aula del Mar Mediterráneo Foundation develops aquaponics systems, which combine the cultivation de peces and plants to create a sustainable environment and encourage cuttings, which remain for months until they reach maturity.
To facilitate their adaptation to the seabed and protect them from currents, biodegradable limestone or sandstone modules are used as temporary support. This technique avoids the use of chemicals or adhesives, mimicking natural processes and minimizing environmental impact.
Public-private collaboration and citizen participation are essential for success. Programs like Circular Seas not only promote restoration efforts but also mobilize volunteers and raise awareness in schools and coastal communities. Activities include training sessions, educational guides, and the expansion of nurseries at facilities like the Blue Economy Classroom.
Surveillance, mapping and circular economy
Scientific monitoring of the meadows is carried out using biological and ecological indicators, such as density, height of stands, vegetation cover, and the presence of invasive species. More than 150 divers participate in these measurements, which follow guidelines established by universities and environmental authorities.
Thanks to satellite remote sensing technologies and artificial intelligenceCompanies like Quasar Science Resources are collaborating on detailed mapping of these habitats, providing key data for assessing impacts and planning future actions.
Additionally, some projects leverage the collection of Posidonia seagrass from beaches, transforming these remains into resources for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, as well as using them for new replantings. This process supports sustainability and fosters the circular economy.
The future of posidonia and the importance of its preservation
La posidonia oceanic It is an internationally and European-protected species, considered a bastion of environmental quality in the Mediterranean. Its protection and restoration benefit many species in its ecosystem, including fish such as wrasses and sawfish, as well as invertebrates such as crabs and mollusks. They also promote fishing, sustainable tourism, and help prevent beach erosion.
Joint actions by organizations such as the FAMM, Circular Seas, government agencies, and biotechnology companies demonstrate that science, innovation, and social commitment can come together to preserve these fragile submerged forests.
Thanks to the involvement of volunteers, researchers, and coordinated efforts, it is still possible to reverse the trend of Posidonia decline and ensure that the Mediterranean continues to breathe life and biodiversity in the coming years.