The future of sea turtles is being seriously affected by the acceleration of climate change., adding to existing threats such as pollution, unselective fishing, and coastal development. These reptiles, which have roamed the oceans for more than 100 million years, are now in real danger of disappearing unless urgent, globally coordinated action is taken.
In regions such as the Chilean, Colombian and Peruvian coasts, five of the seven species known worldwide are found, and all are affected by some type of threatThe situation is especially critical for species such as the leatherback, hawksbill and loggerhead turtles, which are listed as critically endangered or in danger of extinction by international organizations such as the IUCN. Furthermore, the green and olive ridley turtles face considerable risks and are considered vulnerable.
Impacts of climate change on the lives of sea turtles
One of the problems The most notable change caused by climate change is the increase in the temperature of the sand where turtles lay their eggs.. The temperature during incubation determines the sex of the offspring: less than 27 ºC produces males and above 31 ºC females are born. Heat waves and global warming are generating a worrying imbalance between the sexes, putting the long-term sustainability of populations at risk.
Furthermore, the rising sea levels and beach erosion directly affect traditional nesting sites. Many beaches may disappear or become unsuitable, which reduces the chances of the eggs hatching successfully. more intense and frequent tropical storms They damage nests and increase chick mortality, making it even more difficult for the species to recover.
Other threats: human activities and pollution
Beyond the direct impact of climate, human actions aggravate the situation. Bycatch continues to cause the deaths of thousands of turtles each year, as they become entangled in nets or are unintentionally captured. Coastal development, urbanization, light pollution, and uncontrolled tourism interrupt reproductive cycles y increase mortality of eggs and hatchlings.
Plastic pollution It represents a silent but lethal threat. Many turtles mistake plastic objects, such as bags, for jellyfish, their usual food. This leads to intestinal obstructions, malnutrition and even death. Campaigns are already underway in several countries to reduce plastic use and promote responsible habits on beaches and in marine environments.
Migratory routes and habitat loss
The turtles They travel great distances throughout their lives, following migratory routes that depend largely on ocean currents and environmental conditions. Climate change is altering these patterns, disorienting the animals and forcing them to travel further and along more dangerous routes to find suitable feeding and breeding areas.
On several coasts, uncontrolled tourism or illegal fishing aggravate the pressure on turtles, which are already struggling with a scenario of progressive habitat loss and diminishing available resources. Only one in every thousand offspring reaches adulthood, so the survival of each clutch is essential to maintain populations.
Conservation and citizen participation
La The response to this crisis requires the involvement of all sectorsMany countries have national conservation plans and are party to international agreements such as CITES and the Bonn Convention, which seek to protect sea turtles by creating protected areas, regulating fisheries, and combating illegal trafficking.
Conservation organizations insist on the importance of adjust daily habits, such as reducing the use of plastics, reporting illegal hunting and trade, respecting nesting beaches, participating in volunteer activities, and supporting scientific projects. environmental education and responsible tourism contribute to safeguarding these species and their habitats.
Local initiatives led by indigenous communities and volunteer groups also stand out, promote nest recovery, the release of hatchlings and surveillance on beaches during the nesting season.
Active participation and individual commitment are essential to ensuring the survival of these species and preserving the health of our oceans and coasts.