El Angel fish It is one of the most prized and aesthetically stunning species in the world of aquariums. Its compressed, disc-shaped body, long, elegant fins, and wide range of colors make it an undisputed star in aquariums. Native to the freshwater and temperate waters of South America, especially the Amazon and its tributaries, this fish has undergone a wide variety of selective breeding processes, resulting in numerous varieties of shapes and colors. For both beginners and experts in the hobby, the angelfish offers unique opportunities to enjoy the beauty and fascinating behavior of aquatic life.
Characteristics of the Angelfish
The angelfish belongs to the genus Pterophyllum, within the Cichlidae family. It is especially known as the Pterophyllum scalare, although there are other species such as altum (Pterophyllum deep) and the leopoldi (Pterophyllum leopoldi). This species is widely bred in captivity, which has given rise to numerous phenotypic varieties. To learn more about its care and characterization, you can visit our article dedicated to angelfish care.
Su body is flat and laterally compressed, which, together with the great length of its dorsal and anal fins, gives it an imposing and elegant triangular silhouette. It can reach up to 15-20cm tall including the longer rays of the fins, and some 15cm length bodily.
This body shape is adapted to swim through dense vegetation without becoming entangled, allowing it to camouflage itself and avoid predators or stalk small prey. It features a life expectancy between 10 and 15 years under optimal conditions, although the average in aquariums is usually 5 to 8 years depending on the level of care and quality of the environment.
As for coloration, there are a multitude of varieties derived from both nature and selective breeding. There are specimens in silver, gold, marble, solid black, koi (a mixture of white, black, and yellow), and types with even longer, wavier veil fins.
The differences between males and females are subtle. The male tends to be slightly larger and may have a slight protuberance on the forehead, while the female is somewhat more slender. However, the true distinction is observed during the spawning season in the shape of the ovipositor's tube and seminal duct.
Habitat and Natural Behavior
From slow-flowing rivers and tributaries in South AmericaPrimarily found in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Essequibo basins, the angelfish prefers areas with abundant vegetation and submerged roots where it can take refuge. Away from fast-flowing waters, it thrives in places where light is filtered by fallen branches and leaves, inspiring the ideal decor for your home aquarium.
The temperature of the water at its source ranges between 24 and 28 ° C, with a slightly acidic or neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.5The angelfish is sensitive to sudden changes in temperature and chemical composition. A constant water quality is crucial, including good filter routines and regular changes of between 20 and 30% of the total monthly volume.
In the wild, they tend to live in schools, although they display a territorial nature, especially during breeding. This is a relatively peaceful species, but with age, some specimens can become more dominant, especially if space is limited. Therefore, a spacious and well-structured aquarium that allows for demarcating territories is recommended.
Aquarium and Optimal Conditions for Angelfish
For keeping an angelfish healthy and splendid, the aquarium must meet some demanding minimum requirements:
- Aquarium size: For a small group of 4-6 specimens, a minimum volume of 200 liters, being ideal from 300 liters for a dozen de peces Adults. The height of the aquarium is essential; at least 50 cm, as angelfish swim and grow vertically.
- Temperature: Between 24 and 28 ° C, constant.
- pH: Between 6.0 and 7.5, with soft or medium-soft water (KH hardness 3-8).
- Water quality: Keep water crystal clear, with regular partial changes 20-30% monthly or every two weeks. Avoid harsh chemicals.
- Decoration: : Abundant natural vegetation such as Echinodorus, Vallisneria and Anubias is recommended, as well as roots, logs and stones, which in addition to beautifying, offer shelter and spawning points.
- Substratum: Fine sand or soft gravel to prevent damage to its fins, accompanied by dried leaves occasionally to simulate the natural bed and provide beneficial tannins.
The aquarium should have open swimming areas and shaded/refuge areas. The current should be gentle, recreating the tropical rivers and estuaries where they originate.
Compatibility and Social Behavior
Angelfish can coexist with a wide variety of species, but their territorial nature must be taken into account:
- Compatible: Fish of similar size and calm temperament, such as Corydoras, rainbow fish, medium-sized gouramis, and snails.
- Not recommendedVery small species (neons, tiny tetras) can be preyed upon, especially when the angelfish is adult. It is also important to avoid keeping them with aggressive cichlids or overly territorial fish that compete for the same space.
- Schools of fishIf schooling fish are added, they should be introduced before the adult angels to avoid predation by hunting instinct.
Within a species, if there are too many individuals or not enough space, conflicts and marked hierarchies can arise. For large groups, make sure each fish has sufficient visual "territory" delimited by plants or decorations.
Angelfish Feeding
The angelfish is omnivore and quite voracious, accepting a wide variety of foods. Their diet must be balanced to maintain their health, coloration, and promote reproduction:
- Commercial foodsHigh-quality flakes and pellets specifically for cichlids or tropical fish. The granulated presentations help prevent competition with bottom-dwelling species.
- Live and frozen foodIt's recommended to occasionally feed brine shrimp, daphnia, mosquito larvae, water fleas, mysis, and worms. They promote natural behavior and stimulate their colors.
- Plant supplements: Boiled spinach, peeled peas and fresh seaweed as an occasional vitamin supplement.
It is suggested to feed them twice a day in sufficient quantities so that they consume everything in a few minutes, avoiding leftovers that contaminate the water.
Angelfish Breeding and Fry Care
Angelfish reproduction is one of the most fascinating aspects for the aquarist:
- Pair formation: Angels form monogamous pairs within the group. Once a mate is selected, both clean a flat surface (leaf, rock, glass) where the female deposits some food. 150 and 350 adhesive eggsFor more details, see our article on the most beautiful and colorful fish in the world.
- territorial behaviorDuring spawning and breeding, the pair becomes especially territorial and may attack other fish that approach their area.
- Parental careBoth parents ventilate and clean the eggs. Once the larvae hatch (2-3 days after spawning, depending on temperature), the parents continue to care for the fry, moving them if necessary and defending the territory.
- Separation of fryIn community aquariums, it's advisable to transfer the fry to a separate tank containing the same water. Adding a few drops of methylene blue prevents fungal infections.
Sexual maturity is reached between the ages of 6 and 12 months of age, depending on genetics and environmental conditions.
Angelfish Varieties
- Koi angelfish: It features a tricolor pattern similar to that of koi carp, with orange, white, and black markings. To learn more, visit .
- Marble angelfish: : Marbled or mottled coloration, with dark and light tones.
- Veiled angelfish: It stands out for its even more elongated and fluid dorsal and anal fins, which are very spectacular.
- Silver angelfish: Shiny silver metallic effect body.
- Golden angelfish: The golden yellow color predominates in its body.
- black angel fish: Completely black specimens, highly appreciated for their elegance.
Each variety can vary in adult size, color intensity, and fin shape. Selective breeding has allowed hobbyists to choose the specimen that best suits the aesthetics of their aquarium.
Angelfish in Saltwater Aquariums: Featured Species
In the marine world, angelfish belong to the family pomacanthidaeThey are equally appreciated for their intense colors and striking shapes. Among the best-known species are:
- Emperor angelfish (Pomacanthus imperator): It exhibits a spectacular color change between the juvenile and adult phases, going from blue and white rings to a combination of intense blue and yellow lines in adulthood. It usually grows to 40 cm, so it requires very large marine aquariums (minimum 300 liters for a single one, 500 liters for a pair). To learn more, you can also check out our article on Silver Argus fish.
- Queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris): It inhabits coral reefs, presenting blue-green hues with yellow areas and a black stripe on its head. It is territorial with its conspecifics and requires large aquariums (500 liters or more).
- Flame Angelfish (Centropyge loriculus): Smaller in size, its intense orange-red color and electric blue edges make it one of the most striking species for marine nanoaquariums (minimum 100 liters).
Marine angelfish require reef-quality water, a professional salt mix, hardy corals, live rocks, and a varied diet, including shrimp, granules, flakes, sea sponges, and plant supplements depending on the species. They have strong spines that make them difficult to handle, so they must be guided with plastic containers during captures and tank changes.
- Recommended parameters: Temperature 24-30°C, pH 8.1-8.4, salinity 1.022-1.027.
- Aquarius: Large volume, good filtration, live rock and caves. Partial water changes and efficient protein skimmer.
Common Problems and Diseases
Despite being relatively hardy, angelfish can present typical problems in community aquariums:
- White spot disease: A parasite that forms spots on the skin and fins. It usually results from stress or rapid temperature changes.
- columnaris: Bacterial, causes white lesions. Treated with specific antibiotics.
- MushroomsCottony growths on the body and fins are prevented with good water quality and prompt intervention with antifungals.
- Hexamite: Internal parasite, causes weight loss and white stools. Isolate and treat at first sign.
- Swim bladder: Buoyancy problem linked to poor water quality or poor diet.
- Gill disease: Caused by bacteria or parasites, it causes respiratory difficulty.
The best remedy is always the preventionMaintain clean, parameterized water and a varied diet. If symptoms appear, isolate and treat the affected fish with specific products and water changes.
Tips for Aquarium Maintenance and Maturation
- Aquarium maturationBefore introducing angelfish, the aquarium should be mature and fully nitrogen-cycle (at least a couple of months). Introduce live plants and allow beneficial bacteria to develop.
- Avoid sharp edges: Decorate with soft elements to protect the fish's long, thin fins.
- Soften the water if necessaryIf you live in a hard water area, use reverse osmosis, rainwater, or bottled water to keep the hardness within the appropriate range.
- Avoid overcrowding: Do not overpopulate the aquarium to avoid increasing stress and territorial conflicts.
Prices and Where to Buy
Angelfish prices vary depending on the variety, age, size, and quality of the specimens. In specialty stores, prices typically range from 35 and 400 eurosSelectively bred varieties (such as koi or long veil koi) tend to cost more. Before purchasing, check that the fish are active, have open fins, and are brightly colored, and are free of suspicious lesions or spots.
With this detailed guide, you'll have the key information to keep your angelfish healthy and enjoy an aquarium bursting with color, elegance, and life. Pay special attention to space, water parameters, and species compatibility to ensure both your angelfish and their companions thrive without problems and shine in all their splendor.
